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سورة ص الآية ٥٠
صفحات الموقع

سورة ص الآية ٥٠

سورة ص الآية ٥٠

جَنَّـٰتِ عَدۡنࣲ مُّفَتَّحَةࣰ لَّهُمُ ٱلۡأَبۡوَ ٰ⁠بُ ﴿٥٠﴾

التفسير

تفسير السعدي

في جنات إقامة , مفتحة لهم أبوابها,

التفسير الميسر

هذا القرآن ذِكْر وشرف لك -أيها الرسول- ولقومك. وإن لأهل تقوى الله وطاعته لَحسنَ مصير عندنا في جنات إقامة، مفتَّحة لهم أبوابها، متكئين فيها على الأرائك المزيَّنات، يطلبون ما يشتهون من أنواع الفواكه الكثيرة والشراب، من كل ما تشتهيه نفوسهم، وتلذه أعينهم.

تفسير الجلالين

"جَنَّات عَدْن" بَدَل أَوْ عَطْف بَيَان لَحُسْن مَآب "مُفَتَّحَة لَهُمْ الْأَبْوَاب" مِنْهَا

تفسير ابن كثير

يُخْبِر تَعَالَى عَنْ عِبَاده الْمُؤْمِنِينَ السُّعَدَاء أَنَّ لَهُمْ فِي الدَّار الْآخِرَة لَحُسْنَ مَآبٍ وَهُوَ الْمَرْجِع وَالْمُنْقَلَب ثُمَّ فَسَّرَهُ بِقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى " جَنَّات عَدْن " أَيْ جَنَّات إِقَامَة مُفَتَّحَة لَهُمْ الْأَبْوَاب وَالْأَلِف وَاللَّام هَهُنَا بِمَعْنَى الْإِضَافَة كَأَنَّهُ يَقُول مُفَتَّحَة لَهُمْ أَبْوَابهَا أَيْ إِذَا جَاءُوهَا فُتِحَتْ لَهُمْ أَبْوَابهَا قَالَ اِبْن أَبِي حَاتِم حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّد بْن ثَوَّاب الْهَبَّارِيّ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْد اللَّه بْن نُمَيْر حَدَّثَنَا عَبْد اللَّه بْن مُسْلِم يَعْنِي اِبْن هُرْمُز عَنْ اِبْن سَابِط عَنْ عَبْد اللَّه بْن عَمْرو رَضِيَ اللَّه عَنْهُمَا قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُول اللَّه صَلَّى اللَّه عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ " إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّة قَصْرًا يُقَال لَهُ عَدْن حَوْله الْبُرُوج وَالْمُرُوج لَهُ خَمْسَة آلَاف بَاب عِنْد كُلّ بَاب خَمْسَة آلَاف حَبَرَة لَا يَدْخُلهُ - أَوْ لَا يَسْكُنهُ - إِلَّا نَبِيّ أَوْ صِدِّيق أَوْ شَهِيد أَوْ إِمَام عَدْل " وَقَدْ وَرَدَ فِي ذِكْر أَبْوَاب الْجَنَّة الثَّمَانِيَة أَحَادِيث كَثِيرَة مِنْ وُجُوه عَدِيدَة .

تفسير الطبري

الْقَوْل فِي تَأْوِيل قَوْله تَعَالَى : { جَنَّات عَدْن مُفَتَّحَة لَهُمْ الْأَبْوَاب } قَوْله تَعَالَى ذِكْره : { جَنَّات عَدْن } : بَيَان عَنْ حُسْن الْمَآب , وَتَرْجَمَة عَنْهُ , وَمَعْنَاهُ : بَسَاتِين إِقَامَة . وَقَدْ بَيَّنَّا مَعْنَى ذَلِكَ بِشَوَاهِدِهِ , وَذَكَرْنَا مَا فِيهِ مِنْ الِاخْتِلَاف فِيمَا مَضَى بِمَا أَغْنَى عَنْ إِعَادَته فِي هَذَا الْمَوْضِع. وَقَدْ : 23054 - حَدَّثَنَا بِشْر , قَالَ : ثنا يَزِيد , قَالَ : ثنا سَعِيد , عَنْ قَتَادَة , قَوْله : { جَنَّات عَدْن } قَالَ : سَأَلَ عُمَر كَعْبًا مَا عَدْن ؟ قَالَ : يَا أَمِير الْمُؤْمِنِينَ , قُصُور فِي الْجَنَّة مِنْ ذَهَب يَسْكُنهَا النَّبِيُّونَ وَالصِّدِّيقُونَ وَالشُّهَدَاء وَأَئِمَّة الْعَدْل . وَقَوْله : { مُفَتَّحَة لَهُمْ الْأَبْوَاب } يَعْنِي : مُفَتَّحَة لَهُمْ أَبْوَابهَا ; وَأُدْخِلَتْ الْأَلِف وَاللَّام فِي الْأَبْوَاب بَدَلًا مِنْ الْإِضَافَة , كَمَا قِيلَ : { فَإِنَّ الْجَنَّة هِيَ الْمَأْوَى } 79 41 بِمَعْنَى : هِيَ مَأْوَاهُ , وَكَمَا قَالَ الشَّاعِر : مَا وَلَدَتْكُمْ حَيَّة اِبْنَة مَالِك سِفَاحًا وَمَا كَانَتْ أَحَادِيث كَاذِب وَلَكِنْ نَرَى أَقْدَامنَا فِي نِعَالكُمْ وَآنُفنَا بَيْن اللِّحَى وَالْحَوَاجِب بِمَعْنَى : بَيْن لِحَاكُم وَحَوَاجِبكُمْ ; وَلَوْ كَانَتْ الْأَبْوَاب جَاءَتْ بِالنَّصْبِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَحْنًا , وَكَانَ نَصْبه عَلَى تَوْجِيه الْمُفَتَّحَة فِي اللَّفْظ إِلَى جَنَّات , وَإِنْ كَانَ فِي الْمَعْنَى لِلْأَبْوَابِ , وَكَانَ كَقَوْلِ الشَّاعِر : وَمَا قَوْمِي بِثَعْلَبَة بْن سَعْد وَلَا بِفَزَارَة الشِّعْر الرِّقَابَا ثُمَّ نُوِّنَتْ مُفَتَّحَة , وَنُصِبَتْ الْأَبْوَاب . فَإِنْ قَالَ لَنَا قَائِل : وَمَا فِي قَوْله : { مُفَتَّحَة لَهُمْ الْأَبْوَاب } مِنْ فَائِدَة خَبَر حَتَّى ذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ ؟ قِيلَ : فَإِنَّ الْفَائِدَة فِي ذَلِكَ إِخْبَار اللَّه تَعَالَى عَنْهَا أَنَّ أَبْوَابهَا تُفَتَّح لَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ فَتْح سُكَّانهَا إِيَّاهَا , بِمُعَانَاةٍ بِيَدٍ وَلَا جَارِحَة , وَلَكِنَّ بِالْأَمْرِ فِيمَا ذُكِرَ , كَمَا : 23055 -حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَد بْن الْوَلِيد الرَّمْلِيّ , قَالَ : ثنا اِبْن نُفَيْل , قَالَ : ثنا اِبْن دُعَيْج , عَنْ الْحَسَن , فِي قَوْله : { مُفَتَّحَة لَهُمْ الْأَبْوَاب } قَالَ : أَبْوَاب تُكَلَّم , فَتُكَلَّم : اِنْفَتِحِي , اِنْغَلِقِي .

تفسير القرطبي

وَالْعَدْن فِي اللُّغَة الْإِقَامَة ; يُقَال : عَدَنَ بِالْمَكَانِ إِذَا أَقَامَ . وَقَالَ عَبْد اللَّه بْن عُمَر : إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّة قَصْرًا يُقَال لَهُ عَدْن حَوْله الْبُرُوج وَالْمُرُوج فِيهِ خَمْسَة آلَاف بَاب عَلَى كُلّ بَاب خَمْسَة آلَاف حَبَرَة لَا يَدْخُلهُ إِلَّا نَبِيّ أَوْ صِدِّيق أَوْ شَهِيد . " مُفَتَّحَة " حَال " لَهُمْ الْأَبْوَاب " رُفِعَتْ الْأَبْوَاب لِأَنَّهُ اِسْم مَا لَمْ يُسَمَّ فَاعِله . قَالَ الزَّجَّاج : أَيْ مُفَتَّحَة لَهُمْ الْأَبْوَاب مِنْهَا . وَقَالَ الْفَرَّاء : مُفَتَّحَة لَهُمْ أَبْوَابهَا . وَأَجَازَ الْفَرَّاء : " مُفَتَّحَةً لَهُمْ الْأَبْوَاب " بِالنَّصْبِ . قَالَ الْفَرَّاء : أَيْ مُفَتَّحَة الْأَبْوَاب ثُمَّ جِئْت بِالتَّنْوِينِ فَنَصَبْت . وَأَنْشَدَ هُوَ وَسِيبَوَيْهِ : وَنَأْخُذُ بَعْدَهُ بِذِنَابِ عَيْشٍ أَجَبَّ الظَّهْرِ لَيْسَ لَهُ سَنَامُ وَإِنَّمَا قَالَ : " مُفَتَّحَة " وَلَمْ يَقُلْ مَفْتُوحَة ; لِأَنَّهَا تُفْتَح لَهُمْ بِالْأَمْرِ لَا بِالْمَسِّ . قَالَ الْحَسَن : تُكَلَّم : اِنْفَتِحِي فَتَنْفَتِح اِنْغَلِقِي فَتَنْغَلِق . وَقِيلَ : تَفْتَح لَهُمْ الْمَلَائِكَة الْأَبْوَاب .

غريب الآية
الإعراب
(جَنَّاتِ)
بَدَلٌ مِنْ (حُسْنَ) : مَنْصُوبٌ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْكَسْرَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ لِأَنَّهُ جَمْعُ مُؤَنَّثٍ سَالِمٌ.
(عَدْنٍ)
مُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ مَجْرُورٌ وَعَلَامَةُ جَرِّهِ الْكَسْرَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ.
(مُفَتَّحَةً)
حَالٌ مَنْصُوبٌ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ الْفَتْحَةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ.
(لَهُمُ)
"اللَّامُ" حَرْفُ جَرٍّ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ، وَ"هَاءُ الْغَائِبِ" ضَمِيرٌ مُتَّصِلٌ مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ الْمُقَدَّرِ لِالْتِقَاءِ السَّاكِنَيْنِ فِي مَحَلِّ جَرٍّ بِالْحَرْفِ.
(الْأَبْوَابُ)
نَائِبُ فَاعِلٍ مَرْفُوعٌ وَعَلَامَةُ رَفْعِهِ الضَّمَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ لِاسْمِ الْمَفْعُولِ (مُفَتَّحَةً) :.